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Icloud

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Cloud storage and cloud computing service by Apple

iCloud
ICloud logo (new).png
Developer(southward) Apple Inc.
Initial release Oct 12, 2011; 10 years ago  (2011-10-12)
Stable release

11.5[ane] / Dec 2, 2020; 16 months agone  (2020-12-02)

Operating system macOS (10.7 Lion & Later)
Microsoft Windows 7 or later on
iOS 5 or afterwards
iPadOS xiii or later
Available in English
Website world wide web.icloud.com

iCloud is a deject storage and cloud computing service[two] [3] [4] from Apple Inc. launched on October 12, 2011. Every bit of 2018, the service had an estimated 850 meg users, upwards from 782 million users in 2016.[5] [vi] [7]

iCloud enables users to store information such as documents, photos, and music on remote servers for download to iOS, macOS or Windows devices, to share and send data to other users, and to manage their Apple devices if lost or stolen.

iCloud also provides the ways to wirelessly back up iOS devices directly to iCloud, instead of being reliant on manual backups to a host Mac or Windows computer using iTunes. Service users are also able to share photos, music, and games instantly by linking accounts via AirDrop wireless.

iCloud replaced Apple's MobileMe service,[4] acting every bit a data syncing center for e-mail, contacts, calendars, bookmarks, notes, reminders (to-do lists), iWork documents, photos, and other data.

Apple has eleven visitor owned and operated data centers supporting iCloud services. The company has vi data centers in the United states, two in Kingdom of denmark, and three in China.[8] I of Apple tree'due south original iCloud data centers is located in Maiden, N Carolina, US.[9]

Beginning in 2011, iCloud is based on Amazon Web Services and Microsoft Azure (Apple iOS Security white paper published in 2014, Apple acknowledged that encrypted iOS files are stored in Amazon S3 and Microsoft Azure[ten]). In 2016, Apple signed a bargain with Google to use Google Deject Platform for some iCloud services.[11] [12] [xiii]

In October 2016, Bloomberg reported that Apple tree was working on project Pie which aims to ameliorate the speed and experience of Apple's online services by being operated more than directly past Apple.[14]

In June 2021, Apple introduced iCloud+, which introduced Private Relay, Hide My E-mail and custom email domains to paid users of the services, likewise as an unlimited storage limit for video from cameras added through HomeKit Secure Video.

System requirements [edit]

iCloud business relationship creation requires either an iOS device running iOS 5 or later or a Mac running OS X King of beasts v10.vii.v or afterwards,[15] as well as an internet connection and a compatible web browser. Also, certain features have their own minimum requirements of OS versions. For instance, using iCloud Photo Sharing requires Bone 10 Mavericks v10.9 or above on a Mac.[sixteen]

Devices running older versions of macOS (before Mavericks) or iOS (below 7) may be unable to sign into iCloud afterwards the iCloud password has been inverse: the only resolution for this issue is to upgrade the OS, which may be impossible on a device that does not meet the newer OS minimum requirements.[17]

Synchronizing with a PC requires Windows seven or subsequently and using the iCloud Control Console, and optionally Outlook 2007 or later or the congenital-in Windows 10 Mail and Calendar apps to sync Calendar, Contacts, and Reminders.[18] Users must own an Apple device to prepare upward iCloud for Windows.

Synchronization of bookmarks requires Safari 5.1.1 or afterwards on macOS, and Net Explorer 9, Firefox 22 or Google Chrome 28 or after on Windows.[19]

MobileMe account users could movement their accounts to an iCloud account, keeping the same business relationship details.[xx]

History [edit]

iCloud was announced on June six, 2011,[21] at the 2011 Apple Worldwide Developers Briefing (WWDC). Apple announced that MobileMe would be discontinued after June 30, 2012, with anyone who had an account before the unveiling of iCloud having their MobileMe service extended to that date, free of charge.[22]

The official website, www.icloud.com, went alive in early August for Apple Developers. On October 12, 2011, iCloud became available to apply via an iTunes update.[23] iCloud had twenty one thousand thousand users in less than a week afterwards launch.[24] The iCloud.com domain and registered trademark were bought from a Swedish company called Xcerion, who rebranded their service to CloudMe.[25] [26] [27] Apple tree now controls major domains like iCloud.de, iCloud.fr and iCloud.es.[28]

A class action lawsuit by customers unhappy over the transition from MobileMe to iCloud was filed in early-May 2012.[29]

In June 2019, iCloud was introduced to Windows 10 via the Microsoft Shop.[xxx]

On June 7, 2021, Apple introduced an upgraded version of iCloud for users who paid for boosted storage chosen iCloud+ during their 2021 Apple Worldwide Developers Conference. iCloud+ includes Private Relay, which allowed users to scan Safari without being tracked, Hibernate My Email, which allows users to sign up to websites and other apps with a private email accost that forwarded letters to their main inbox, and updates to HomeKit Secure Video which allows iCloud+ users to add an unlimited number of HomeKit cameras that do non count confronting the storage limit.

Announcement [edit]

The first official mention of iCloud from Apple came on May 31, 2011, when a press release[31] announced that it would demonstrate the service at the WWDC on June six, 2011. A imprint hung at the Moscone Center for WWDC revealed the iCloud logo 5 days before the official launch.[32]

At the WWDC 2011 keynote speech, Steve Jobs (in one of his last public appearances) announced iCloud will replace MobileMe services and that the basic iCloud service will be costless of charge.[33]

Features [edit]

The deject-based system allows users to store heterogeneous music, photos, applications, documents, bookmarks, reminders, backups, notes, Apple Books, and contacts and provides a platform for Apple tree'due south e-mail servers and calendars. 3rd-party iOS and macOS app developers tin can implement iCloud functionality in their apps through the iCloud API.[34]

Backup and restore [edit]

iCloud allows users to back up the settings and data on iOS devices running iOS 5 or afterward.[35] Data backed up includes photos and videos in the Camera Roll, device settings, app data, letters (iMessage, SMS, and MMS), ringtones, and Visual Voicemails.[36] Backups occur daily when the device is locked and connected to Wi-Fi and a ability source. In case of a malfunction of any Apple device, during the restoration process, iCloud offers to restore all data along with App information just if the device was synced to iCloud and backed up.

Back to My Mac [edit]

Back to My Mac, besides previously office of MobileMe, is now role of iCloud.[37] As before, this service allows users to log in remotely to other computers that accept Back to My Mac enabled and are configured with the same Apple tree ID. On August 9, 2018, Apple updated a support certificate to note that Back to My Mac would non be part of the upcoming macOS Mojave (10.14) release.

Email [edit]

An iCloud business relationship tin can include an email account, much like MobileMe, .Mac, and iTools did previously. However, unlike MobileMe and its previous iterations, the electronic mail account is an optional function of an iCloud account, in that the user tin choose to use a non-iCloud email accost as their iCloud Apple ID. The email business relationship tin can be accessed using any standard IMAP-compatible email client, as well as via spider web browser at iCloud.com. Additionally, on an iOS device, iCloud e-mail is push-enabled.

Users who converted existing MobileMe accounts to iCloud accounts kept their existing "@me.com" email addresses; users whose accounts pre-dated MobileMe and had both me.com and mac.com email addresses kept both. As well every bit retaining their previous addresses, users also received the matching "@icloud.com" address. Every bit at that place is only ane mailbox per account, all letters sent to whatever of a user's iCloud email addresses finish up in the same inbox.

Observe My Friends [edit]

Detect My iPhone My Friends was added to iCloud alongside the launch of iOS 5, allowing users to share their electric current location with their friends or family unit. iOS half-dozen added location-based alerts to notify the user when a device arrives at a sure location.[38]

On iOS ix and 10, Find My Friends is built into iOS and cannot be removed. From iOS 11 onwards it is included, simply can be deleted and so subsequently reinstalled from the iOS App Shop.

In Oct 2015, Detect My Friends was added to iCloud.com to view other "friends" locations.[39]

Notice My iPhone [edit]

Notice My iPhone, formerly part of MobileMe, allows users to rails the location of their iOS device or Mac. A user can encounter the device's approximate location on a map (forth with a circle showing the radius depicting the margin of error), display a message and/or play a sound on the device (even if it is set to silent), change the password on the device, and remotely erase its contents.[40] The feature was first announced on June 10, 2009, and was included in the iOS 3.0 software update every bit a feature for paying MobileMe users.[41] Find My iPhone was made complimentary of charge with the iOS 4.2.1 software update on Nov 22, 2010, but but for devices introduced in 2010.[42] An iOS app was as well released by Apple on June 18, 2010, which allows users to locate their device from other iOS devices running iOS 4 or later software.[43] In iOS 5, Detect My iPhone was continued as a feature for iCloud. iOS 6 introduced Lost Manner, a new feature that allows the user to mark a device as "lost", making it easier to protect and find. The feature also allows someone that finds the user's lost iPhone to phone call the user direct without unlocking it. Similar phone finder services nether various names are available for other families of smartphones.

Activation Lock was introduced in 2013 with iOS 7. Information technology is integrated with iCloud and Find My iPhone feature. This new feature locks the activation of any iPhone, iPad, iPod touch or Apple lookout man which has been restored in either DFU or Recovery mode without first disabling the Find My iPhone feature. One time restore is completed, the device volition ask for the Apple ID and password that has been previously associated with it, to proceed with activation, ultimately preventing whatever stolen device from being usable.[44] [45]

Every bit of iOS 9, Find my iPhone is a born app, and thus cannot be removed.[46]

In iOS and iPadOS xiii, Both Discover my iPhone and Find My Friends accept been removed in favour of Observe My.

Find My [edit]

Find My replaced Observe my iPhone and Find My Friends, merging the two apps in iOS and iPadOS 14.

iCloud Keychain [edit]

iCloud Keychain is a countersign manager developed by Apple that syncs passwords across devices and suggests secure ones when creating new accounts.[47]

iCloud Keychain backups provide different security guarantees than traditional iCloud backups. This is because iCloud Keychain uses "terminate-to-end encryption", meaning that iCloud Keychain backups are designed so that the provider does not have access to unencrypted data. This is accomplished through the use of a novel "key vault" blueprint based on a Hardware Security Module located in Apple tree's information centers.[48]

iTunes Match [edit]

iTunes Lucifer debuted on November xiv, 2011. Information technology was initially bachelor to Us users only.[49] For an annual fee, customers can scan and match tracks in their iTunes music library, including tracks copied from CDs or other sources, with tracks in the iTunes Store, and so customers practice not have to repurchase said tracks. Customers may download up to 100,000 tracks in 256 kbit/s DRM-free AAC file format that matches tracks in any supported sound file formats in customers' iTunes libraries, including ALAC and MP3. Customers also have the choice to keep their original copies stored on their computers or have them replaced past copies from the iTunes Store.[l] Any music non available in the iTunes Store is uploaded for download onto customers' other supported devices and computers; doing this will not have storage from the customers' iCloud'south storage allowance. Any such tracks stored in the college quality lossless audio ALAC, or original uncompressed PCM formats, WAV and AIFF, are transcoded to 256 kbit/s DRM-gratis AAC format before uploading to the customers' iCloud storage account, leaving the original higher quality local files in their original format.[51]

If a user stops paying for the iTunes Lucifer service, all copies of the DRM-free AAC iTunes Store versions of tracks that have already been downloaded onto whatsoever device tin exist kept,[52] [53] whether on iOS devices or computers.[52]

From iOS 7 and Os 10 Mavericks, the iTunes Radio role will be available beyond devices, including integration with the Music app, both on portable iOS devices and Apple tree TV (2nd generation onwards), as well as inside the iTunes app on Macintosh and Windows computers. It will be included in an ad-free version for subscribers to the iTunes Match service and is currently[ when? ] available but in the U.s. and Australia[54]

The streaming Genius shuffle is not available in current[ when? ] versions of iOS only is bachelor in iTunes on the Mac.

On January 28, 2016, ad-free iTunes Radio was discontinued and is therefore no longer part of iTunes Match.

As of March 26, 2014[update], iTunes Match is bachelor in 116 countries, while iTunes in the Cloud is bachelor in 155 countries.[55]

iWork for iCloud [edit]

During the 2013 Apple Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) keynote speech, iWork for iCloud was announced for release at the same time as the side by side version of the app versions of iWork later in the yr. The three apps for both iOS and macOS that course Apple's iWork suite (Pages, Numbers, and Keynote), will be made available on a spider web interface (named as Pages for iCloud, Numbers for iCloud, and Keynote for iCloud respectively), and accessed via the iCloud website nether each user'south iCloud Apple tree ID login. They will besides sync with the user's iOS and macOS versions of the app, should they accept them, again via their iCloud Apple tree ID.

This allows the user to edit and create documents on the web, using i of the supported browsers: Safari, Chrome, and Microsoft Border.[56] Information technology besides ways that Microsoft Windows users at present accept access to these native –previously merely Apple device– certificate editing tools, via the web interface.

Photo Stream [edit]

Photo Stream is a service supplied with the bones iCloud service which allows users to store the well-nigh recent 1,000 photos on the iCloud servers for up to 30 days free of charge. When a photo is taken on a device with Photo Stream enabled, it is automatically uploaded to the iCloud servers. From there, it becomes bachelor for viewing and saving on the rest of the user's Photo Stream-enabled devices. The photo is automatically removed from the server subsequently 30 days or when it becomes photograph number i,001 in the user's stream. Photograph Stream installed on a Mac or Windows desktop computer includes an selection to have all photos permanently saved on that device. The service is besides integrated with Apple Goggle box, allowing users to view their recent photos wirelessly on their HDTV.[57]

iCloud Photos [edit]

iCloud Photos is a characteristic on iOS viii.1 or later on and Bone Ten Yosemite (version ten.x) or later, plus web app access. The service stores all of the user's photos, maintaining their original resolution and metadata. Users can access their iCloud Photos on supported devices via the new Photos app when available or via the iCloud Photos web app at iCloud.com, which helps limit the amount of local storage each device needs to use to store photos (particularly those with smaller storage capacities) by storing lower-resolution versions on the device, with the user having the option to keep some/all stored locally at a higher resolution.

Storage [edit]

Since its introduction in 2011, each account has v GB of gratuitous storage for owners of either an iOS device using iOS 5.x or subsequently, or a Mac using OS X Lion x.vii or later. Users tin can purchase additional storage for a total of 50 GB, 200 GB or two TB. The amount of storage is shared across all devices per iCloud Apple ID.[58]

Several native features of iCloud use each user'due south iCloud storage allowance, specifically, Fill-in and restore, and email, Contacts, and Calendars. On Macs, users can also shop almost filetypes into iCloud folders of their choosing, rather than merely storing them locally on the auto. While Photo Stream uses the iCloud servers, usage does not come out of the user's iCloud storage assart. This is likewise true for iTunes Match music content, even for music that is not sold in the iTunes Store and which gets uploaded into iCloud storage, information technology does not count against the user's allowance. Other apps tin optionally integrate app storage out of the user's iCloud storage allowance.

Not all of a user's content counts as part of their iCloud storage allowance. Apple tree can keep a permanent rails of every buy a user makes under their Apple ID account, and past associating each piece of content with the user, it means only one copy of every Store item is needed to be kept on Apple tree's servers. For items bought from the iTunes Shop (music, music videos, movies, TV shows), Apple Books Store (books), or App Store (iOS apps), this uses a service Apple tree call iTunes in the Deject, allowing the user to automatically, or manually if preferred, re-download any of their previous purchases on to a Mac, PC, or iOS device.[55] Downloaded (or streamed, provided the user is connected to the Net) iTunes Store content can be used across all these devices, notwithstanding, while Apple Books Store and App Shop content can be downloaded to Macs and PCs for syncing to iOS devices, only iOS and Mac devices (and their respective apps) can be used to read the books.[59] Similarly, macOS apps purchased from the Mac App Store are also linked to the Apple ID they were purchased through and tin can exist downloaded to whatever Mac using the aforementioned Apple ID. Also, when a user registers whatsoever new device, all previously bought Shop content can exist downloaded from the Shop servers or non-Shop content from the iCloud servers.[60]

Audiobooks and their metadata fields from not-Apple purchased sources are not synced across devices (macOS or iOS) inside the Apple tree Books apps, and nor does the metadata from non-Apple purchased books (in Ebook or PDF format). In that location remains a syncing mismatch on some types of media, between Apple tree-purchased content and non-Apple purchased content that remains in effect for iCloud users.

iCloud Drive [edit]

iCloud Bulldoze is iCloud's file hosting service, that syncs files across devices running iOS viii, Os X Yosemite (version 10.10), or Windows vii or later, plus online spider web app admission via iCloud.com. Users can shop any kind of file (including photos, videos, documents, music, and other apps' information) in iCloud Drive and access information technology on whatsoever Mac, iPad, iPhone, iPod Touch, or Windows PC, with any unmarried file existence a maximum of 50 GB in file size (earlier it was 15 GB). This allows users to start their work on one device and continue on another device.[61] By default, users still get v GB of storage for free as previously, but the expandable storage plans available accept increased in size (current tiers: 50 GB, 200 GB, and ii TB), and contradistinct to monthly subscription payment options from the yearly ones offered under the previous MobileMe service.

In iOS 11, iCloud Bulldoze has been integrated into the new Files app that gives users access to all their deject and local on-device storage, which replaced the standalone iCloud Drive app.[62] [63]

Letters on iCloud [edit]

Letters on iCloud is a feature on iOS 11.4 and macOS Loftier Sierra 10.13.v which keeps all of a user's iMessages and SMS texts stored in the cloud.[64]

Private Relay [edit]

Private Relay, an iCloud+ feature currently on beta, allows users to scan Safari privately, similar to a virtual individual network.[65] Co-ordinate to Apple, "regulatory reasons" prevent the company from launching Private Relay in China, Belarus, Russia, Colombia, Arab republic of egypt, Republic of kazakhstan, Saudi arabia, S Africa, Turkmenistan, Uganda, and the Philippines.[66] [67]

Upwards to v% of Wikipedia editors globally could be negatively affected past using Private Relay, considering Wikipedia blocks ranges of IP addresses to gainsay page vandalism [68]

Hide My Email [edit]

Hibernate My Email is available to iCloud+ users and allows users in Mail and Safari to generate temporary Apple e-mail addresses which forward messages to their main electronic mail address.[65]

Custom email domain [edit]

Custom email domains, an iCloud+ characteristic, allows users to personalize their email accost with a custom domain name and invite family members to use the same domain with their iCloud Mail accounts.[65]

Criticism [edit]

iCloud has been criticized by third-party developers for bugs that make some features nearly unusable under earlier versions of iOS and macOS, specifically the use of Cadre Data in iCloud, for storing and syncing larger amounts of data between third-party apps on users' devices.[69] [lxx] [71] 3rd-party developers have reported that the changes implemented in the release of iOS 7 and OS Ten Mavericks (version x.9) address these iCloud criticisms.[72] [73]

Proper name dispute [edit]

iCloud Communications, a telecommunication company in Arizona, sued Apple in June 2011 for trademark infringement soon after Apple tree announced iCloud.[74] [75] The lawsuit was filed in the U.s. Commune Courtroom of Arizona and demanded that Apple tree stop using the iCloud name and pay unspecified monetary damages. iCloud Communications changed its proper name to Clear Digital Communications in Baronial 2011 and dropped its lawsuit against Apple shortly thereafter.[76]

Privacy [edit]

Apple'south iCloud service, including iCloud Drive and iOS device backups, does non provide end-to-end encryption, also known every bit client-side encryption,[77] [78] [79] and without cease-to-end encryption, users' information is left unsecured considering it remains easily accessible to unauthorized persons.[79] [80] [81] [82] [83] Furthermore, Apple tree reserves the right to and admits to scanning user data for illegal content.[84]

In Baronial 2014, it was rumored that hackers had discovered an exploit involving the Find My iPhone service, which potentially allowed an attacker to brute-force a user's Apple ID and access their iCloud data. The exploit was later incorrectly rumored to have been used every bit part of an August 2014 leak of a large number of individual, nude photos of celebrities that had been synced to their iCloud storage from their iPhone. Apple tree confirmed that it was working with law enforcement agencies to investigate the leak.[85] [86] [87] Apple later on denied that the iCloud service itself or the alleged exploit was responsible for the leak, asserting that the leaks were the result of a very targeted phishing attack against the celebrities.[88] On September thirteen, 2014 Tim Cook, while being interviewed by Charlie Rose, stated on camera that the celebrity leaks were not an iCloud exploit at all, but rather the celebrities had been phished by very targeted phishing to play a joke on them out of their login credentials.[89]

Apple has been scanning iCloud Mail for CSAM information starting 2019.[xc] On August five, 2021, Apple confirmed it has planned to started scanning iCloud Photos for the same reason.[91] After receiving a public backlash against Apple scanning private photos, Apple tree announced information technology will collect farther input before releasing new functionality.[92]

People's republic of china [edit]

In February 2018, Apple appear that iCloud users in China would have their information, including encryption data, on servers called "云上贵州" located in the country to comply with local regulations. This raised concerns from human rights activists who claim that it may be used to rail dissidents.[93] In response, CEO Tim Cook stated that Apple encryption was "the same in every country in the earth," including China.[94]

On June 7, 2021, during the WWDC effect, Apple announced that iCloud's new 'private relay' feature would not work in Cathay for regulatory reasons.[95]

Run across also [edit]

  • Comparison of file hosting services
  • Comparing of online backup services
  • Comparison of online music lockers
  • Cloud backup
  • File hosting service

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External links [edit]

  • iCloud – official site
  • Information nigh iCloud on Apple.com

■

browntheame.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICloud

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